What is Weather?
Weather is the set of all phenomena occurring in an atmosphere at a given time. Weather phenomena on Earth occurs in the hydrosphere and troposphere, the lowest 11km (7 mi) of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Weather refers to the current activity, as opposed to the term "climate," which refers to average atmospheric conditions over a long periods of time. When used without qualification, "weather" is understood to be the weather on Earth.
Weather occurs due to temperature and moisture differences between one place to another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle as it strikes different latitudes on the Earth at different angles. Temperatures on Earth’s surface usually range ±40 °C (-40 °F to 104 °F) annually.
The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air creates the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities in the jet stream flow.
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